What Does All the Worlds a Stage Mean

The most famous speech in As You Like It is Jaques’ â€Å"All the world’s a stage†. But what does it really mean? Our analysis below reveals what this phrase says about performance, change, and gender in As You Like It. â€Å"All The World’s a Stage† Jaques’ famous speech compares life with theater, are we just living to a script preordained by a higher order (perhaps God or the playwright himself). He also muses on the ‘stages’ of a man’s life as in; when he is a boy, when he is a man and when he is old. This is a different interpretation of ‘stage’ (stages of life) but is also compared to scenes in a play. This self-referential speech reflects the scenes and scenery changes in the play itself but also to Jaques’ preoccupation with the meaning of life. It is no coincidence that, at the end of the play, he goes off to join Duke Frederick in religious contemplation to further explore the subject. The speech also draws attention to the way we act and present ourselves differently when we are with different people thus different audiences. This is also reflected in Rosalind’s disguising herself as Ganymede in order to be accepted in forest society. The Ability to Change As Jaques’s famous speech suggests, man is defined by his ability to change and many of the characters in the play have physical, emotional, political or spiritual changes. These transformations are presented with ease and as such, Shakespeare suggests that man’s ability to change is one of his strengths and choices in life. Personal change also leads to political change in the play as Duke Frederick’s change of heart leads to a new leadership at court. Some of the transformations can be attributed to the magical elements of the forest but man’s ability to change himself is also advocated. Sexuality and Gender The concepts behind â€Å"All the world’s a stage†, social performance and change, are particularly interesting when viewed from a sexuality and gender perspective. Much of the comedy in the play is derived from Rosalind being disguised as a man and trying to pass herself off as a man and then as Ganymede pretending to be Rosalind; a woman. This, of course, would be further intensified in Shakespeare’s time when the part would have been played by a man, dressed as a woman disguised as a man. There is an element of ‘Pantomime’ in camping up the role and playing with the idea of gender. There is the part where Rosalind faints at the sight of blood and threatens to cry, which reflects her stereotypically feminine side and threatens to ‘give her away’. Comedy is derived from her having to explain this away as ‘acting’ like Rosalind (a girl) when she is dressed as Ganymede. Her ​epilogue, again, plays with the idea of gender – it was unusual for a woman to have an epilogue but Rosalind is given this privilege because she has an excuse – she spent a lot of the play in the guise of a man. Rosalind had more freedom as Ganymede and would not have been able to do so much if she had been a woman in the forest. This allows her character to have more fun and play a more active role in the plot. She is quite forward with Orlando in her manly guise, prompting the marriage ceremony and organizing all of the characters destinies at the end of the play. Her epilogue further explores gender in that she offers to kiss the men with fresh breath – reminiscent of the pantomime tradition – Rosalind would be played by a young man on Shakespeare’s stage and therefore in offering to kiss male members of the audience, she is further playing with the tradition of camp and homoeroticism. The intense love between Celia and Rosalind could also have a homoerotic interpretation, as could Phoebe’s infatuation with Ganymede – Phoebe prefers the feminine Ganymede to the real man Silvius. Orlando enjoys his flirtation with Ganymede (who is as far as Orlando knows – male). This preoccupation with homoeroticism is drawn from the pastoral tradition but does not eliminate heterosexuality as one might assume today, more it is just an extension of someone’s sexuality. This suggests that it is possible to have it As You Like It.

Sociology assinment Essay - 3881 Words

Mevish G Raja Dr. Mahin Gosine SOC 101 Virtue is a moral excellence. The person who is virtuous has very high standards that are admired. Virtues are very important these day. In order to have more productivity and be better than competitors leaders started to debunk rules and play fair in marketplace. Virtues are becoming things of past and because of that American people have to deal with leaders who are cheaters and liars. Virtues saves us living the life that is socially unaccepted. They also make us better person and those people who are around us. Virtues are better for society. Society without good morals fails. Owners and executives of large business corporation have been in trouble because of the lack of moral excellence. Many†¦show more content†¦Character makes one person different than other person. A person with good character is respected and earns trust of other people. Leaders in the past worked hard and did what people expected them to do and they knew if they did something wrong they would be ac countable for it. Character was everything for them. How people perceive them was determined by their characters. Character is more important than wealth and health. In many areas of the world people would end their lives rather than losing their character. Dishonor is worse than death to the noble people. What an individual does is responsible for their downfall. Some leaders can’t control their sexual desire and get in trouble after that which brings their character down and all people laugh at them and they lose the precious thing they had character. Intelligent leaders know that more power you have the power responsibility it brings you. People respect those leaders who believe in education not because to get a good job but education makes you think what is right and what is wrong. They want good things to happen to every person in America not just few people. And make America a better place to live. Effective leaders understand that whatever they do in one area of field will impact the other areas of their lives. Since the 2008-2009 American people started to keep closer eye on their leaders. They expect leaders to have good behavior rather than social standings. They

Learning to Cope Free Essays

Davon Daniels Professor Moss English 1500 11/20/12 Draft 2 Learning to Cope Just about everyone has lost that one person that they really care about and they know that everything can change at the drop of a hat. Death is an unexpected occurrence that could sometimes have long lasting mental and physical effects on people. In the play Down the Aisle by Patricia Leigh Gaborik a young girl Katie and her family are learning to cope with the death of their loved one. We will write a custom essay sample on Learning to Cope or any similar topic only for you Order Now People handle the death of a loved one in different ways, and Katie tries to handle the death of her father by holding on to all the good memories she had of him. Not only is Katie deeply affected by their lost but the rest of her family is learning to cope with their lost by taking on different roles when he pasts. The father is a symbolic character in this play because he is the rock of their family, because he is strong and dependable. Each character in the play experiences different conflicts and changes in their relationship after losing the person they all loved the most. One conflict experienced in the play is the relationship between Katie and her mother before and after the death of Katie’s father. Katie and her mother don’t have the best relationship and at times it seems that Katie wishes that she would’ve been in the car accident with her father. This is a conflict because it seems as if Katie may blame her mother for the death of her father for making him go out while she stayed at home and took care of Katie. This causes a lot of tension between Katie and her mother because she also feels as though the death of her father might also be her fault. At the end of the play Katie and her mother appear to be closer to each other and her mother even apologizes for the things she’s done in the past and talks about Katie’s father. This is important because after years of not really speaking about him it shows that their mother is just starting to cope with his death. Her mother states in the play â€Å"I know you always thought I did everything wrong† (pg. 251). This shows that even though she knows they didn’t have the best relationship in the past that she’s trying to be there for her and only wants the best for her. Katie and her brother Joe has a typical brother and sister relationship they argue a lot but at the same time they care for each other. At times Joe even calls his sister Katie a brat but still offers to do things for her. The death of their father changed their relationship because Joe seems to be the person that now holds the family together. This appears to be Joe’s way of coping with his father’s death because he feels as if he has to be strong for both Katie and his mother and take on the new role of the man of the house. Joe: â€Å"What d’ya think?! Mom! The music’s started! You have to get to your seat! Aw, mom. I told you not to say that stuff. You said it, didn’t you? You’re crying! Come on! Happy. Happy! Are you happy? See, she’s happy. Everybody’s happy. It’s a happy day. Let’s go! Let’s go! This quote is a great example of how Joe keeps everything together as everyone starts to breakdown; he represents the new rock and strength of their family. Katie’s relationship with her father is the most important because out of everyone in their family she had the closest relationship with him. A major conflict in the story is that Katie after these past years still can come to terms with her father’s death. On her wedding day as she’s preparing to walk down the aisle she in visions herself having a conversation with her father and reminiscing about all the good memories they shared. Katie says â€Å"I don’t understand you’re supposed to be the one I can count on† (pg. 247). This quote shows that even though Katie may not entirely get over the death of her father but she is slowly getting to the point where she is learning to deal with it. At the end of the play the conversation between Katie and her mother helps her come to terms with the death of her father because that was first time that they have actually had a conversation about him. Someone who hasn’t lost someone they really care about may not know how it feels emotionally to overcome the death of someone they love but death is hard to get over and not everyone gets over it quickly. The overall theme of these conflicts is that everyone learns to cope with the death of someone in their own way and at their own time. For Katie the wedding shows her starting a new beginning not only for her but for her family as well. How to cite Learning to Cope, Essays

Definition Of Business Process Description â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Definition Of Business Process Description? Answer: Introduction: Small business are impacted by factors that helps in informational decision making that helps in generation of valid, reliable and accurate information. Accounting information system helps in tracing and appropriate recording of the financial transactions of organization. They are capable of interpreting and analyzing the financial data for producing relevant information that would assist in decision-making. Incorporation of tool of accounting information helps in control of business related activities and makes the arrangement of budgeting and planning. In this modern era, business faces tough competition and complex operational procedures.in order for small business to sustain and remain competitive in the complex environment, it is required by them to adopt advance system of technology. It is depicted from the evaluation of case study that B Bakery was not capable of producing products at competitive prices. A manual form of accounting process is followed by organization and follo wing report demonstrate the technology adoption for suiting the requirement of firms (Bodnar and Hopwood 2013) Business Process of the organization B bakery is a family owned business that is operated by around seventy employees. Business has been in industry for over fifty years and they are producer and distributor of bread and confectionary products. Over the years, business of B Bakery has experienced mixed fortunes but due to healthy product ranges, they have experienced growth. Nonetheless, there has not been significant growth in business of B bakery over the last few years. This has led to expansion of business activities and increased operational activities. Currently, business of B Bakery has been facing difficulties with accounts. Accountant team cannot assist in competitive decision-making activities (Adenike and Michael 2016). This has led to failure of business to sell products at competitive prices as they have lost some of important accounts. B bakery performs a wide range of activities and this involves following: Production of Bakery products: Bakery produces products such as bread and confectionary products and is engaged in manufacturing as well as supplying products. Supplying confectionary products and bread to pub chains, supermarkets and number of different businesses. Production is done on small scale and this has led to inefficiency in business operations. The core process of business are production, supply chain management, accounts and human resource management (Simkin et al. 2014). Manually business process- There was a manual process of recording books of accounts and preparing financial statement of organization. Currently business did not have any efficient way of performing business. The unique selling proposition of business of Bakery is that products ranges are offered on healthier platform. Offering healthy products, ranges would help organization in gaining competitive strength. Organization has been compelled to switch to some of latest technology due to their continued reliance on manual process of recording transactions. Product Distribution B bakery along with manufacturing the products such as bread and confectionary products is engaged in supplying the products to various forms of business, pub chains and supermarkets. Ineffective human resource management As provided in the case study that three are seventy employees working in organization and organization does not have any pay roll structures. The recording of salaries and payment done to employees are recorded manually as there is not any proper accounting system. For the past years, there has been increase in sales revenue. Due to incapability of staff members and employees within organization to produce the products, any competitive price has led to loss of some key accounts of business. This lead to inefficient management of operations of business. Accounting department of organization does not have any accounting software. Human resource department of B Bakery is not sufficient for managing all the records of employees and staffs engaged with business (Suryadi et al. 2014). business processes that are indispensable to be performed The business requirements that are essential for B Bakery firm is enhancing accounts, making investment in some available accounting software and customization according to the process of business. Informed and better decision-making by integration of business process and accounting system. Business would require implementation of accounting information system and enterprise resource planning that would help in providing better platform for the business process (Liu et al. 2013). Pay-roll structure with automated accounting software: B Bakery currently faces difficulty in providing salaries to employees as they have an annual process of transactions recording. Since, the organization is a growing firm, it is required by them to have an automated system of processing and crediting salary payment to employees. Proper analysis of costs of different inflow and outflow activities Products involved in manufacturing and processing of activities requires classification of different types of activities. It is essential for organization to have the proper classification of items of cost that will help in analyzing the cost and benefits associated with every items. Cost of Production determination: In order for organization to have effective employment of the process of carrying to operations, it is required to determine the appropriate cost of production. For ensuring internal control within organization, implementation of accounting software would help in ensuring the information reliability that are being produced by software (Barkhi and Kozlowski 2017). This would help in ensuing the business activities and accordingly helps in achieving the objectives of management of business. Financial statements and preparation of annual reports: An efficient and effective processing of data that is acquired by different transactions of company that will help in capturing of all the transactions and documentation process. Such transaction should be recorded to journals and data needs to be sorted based on different accounts. Publication of annual reports to stakeholders is of utmost importance to organization. Financial declarations of organization is of utmost important to stakeholder of organization Determination of appropriate market value of products of organization along with determination of tax amount: Adopting a suitable accounting software would help organization in determining the appropriate products market value by analyzing the pricing of products. B bakery is also required to make payment of taxes because it is a growing organization. Therefore, the amount of tax that should be payable by organizations should also be segregated that is possible with the implementation of software. Organization would be able to gain information from analysis and database using accounting software as some categories of information are required to be shared by management that involves financial statements and management reports. Suitable outcomes of the business processes Adopting the business process that is discussed above would help organization in achieving several outcomes of business. In order for organization to improve their business processing, various key outputs are required to be achieved from the process of business of B bakery. Operational and transformational information are required by business. Some of information that are required for achieving the business outcome are stock in inventory, payment made to suppliers, cost of raw materials, labor charge and possible margin that is achieved by business. Control over variable and different types of operating costs The controlling of operating cost of business can be done by implementation of automated accounting software by B Bakery that would further assist in reducing the operating costs. Organization would be able to determine the producing units by segregating into higher and lower operating cost. Variable cost of materials would be controlled by the employment of automated software by management. Cost management and accounting system of organization would be effective along with minimization of the production unit. Effective preparation of financial statements An effective management information system would help organization in properly recording their book of accounts. Such software implementation helps in accurately recording books of accounts and assist in producing quality financial report. The business transactions including sales, cost incurred, asset and stock details and payment to workers are recorded using the software. Some of software programs comes with facilities of making order to suppliers, email invoices to customers and filing tax return to Australian tax office. Software also helps in creating back up of all relevant and financial records that would have great impact on performance of organization. Increase in sales Using accounting software would assist bakery firm is properly forecasting the sales volume by accountant. This will help in ensuring customer service, infrastructure, inventory, customer service and account management procedures that would help in handling the increase in growth. Accounts are able to derive clear picture of expense of business and analysis of expenses would help in tracking the sales record using software. Such software helps in identifying some profitable ideas that will help in shooting up sales by eliminating services causing business to lose money. Determination of demand of the customers Implementing the proper accounting software would help in determining the profits and loss that is related with selling of various range of products by organization. They would be able to set the price of products at competitive prices by taking and gaining the information related to labor charge, cost of supplying products and possible profit margin that can be arrived. Stocks that are not used frequently in production of products would be minimized that assist in cutting down operational cost (Powell 2015). The above listed outcomes produced by B bakery would be achieved if the business process using the automated software were performed. Determining system requirements For the smooth and efficient operation of business, B bakery would require implementation of accounting information system and enterprise resource planning. Implementation of such software is essential for achieving the objective of business. Software implementation would help in integration of business process of organization and creation of central database. Information of all the business process would be accessed by software that produces efficient, better and accurate information. Easy Online accounting The financial transactions of organization are shifted in online platform the software due to increase in competition among various business. It becomes essential for small enterprise such as B bakery to implement the system that would ease in receiving and making payment to vendors, distributing materials to supply chain. In order for small business to make proper decision management are required to take appropriate and prompt action in the process of business for which they seek relevant financial information. The firm would experience growth if the system of recording inventories becomes seamless that is possible due to accounting software implementation (Seyal and Rahman 2015). Financial statement evaluation and analysis Recording of financial statements and financial information of organization can be done by implementing various accounting software available in market. B bakery can make the adoption of software such as Xero, MYOB and DacEasy. Adoption and implementing to such software would help organization to continue and sustain in the growing competitive era of business. Internal system of organization will be in control and systems would be efficient for handling the recording of transaction that will lead to producing reliable accounting information. Daily accounting transactions of organization will be properly recorded by such software implementation. The total cost and operating cost of organization such as B bakery should be regularly analyzed that is certainly possible by the implementation of accounting software. One of the important component of transaction recording is preparation of cost sheets that would assist management of organization in effective presentation of transactions details in front of vendors. Cost sheet is a document that provide detailed estimates of cost in respect of cost unit of organization (Iskandar 2015). This would involve detail of payment made to employees in terms of salaries and operational cost details. Implementation of accounting software deals with the analysis of meeting short and long-term objective of organization. Irrespective of scale on which organization that is small scale and large scale, they are mostly engaged in accounting transactions that requires proper recording. Nonetheless, equal importance is placed on all types of transactions. Therefore, it is required by organization and is considered of utmost importance that implementation of such software should be done that takes into account all types of transactions recording. Development of financial indicators by organization is considered essential for properly recording and achieving financial performance (Bodnar and Hopwood 2013). Therefore, for having eased in recording financial transactions would be possible by the implementation of such software. Three types of fundamental functions are provided by accounting information system in the process of business and they are as follows: An efficient and effective processing of data that make use of data acquired from various transactions of organization. This requires capturing of documentation and sources of transactions that should be recorded to journals. It helps in chronologically recording of all transactions and different accounts will help in sorting of data (Hejazi et al. 2014). Required internal control within organization are provided by the implementation of accounting system software that would ensure data reliability and ensure business activities effectiveness. Financial statements and managerial reports are the two types or categories of information that is required by management of organization. Determining selection of software There are three classes of accounting information software based on size of business and this is classified as entry-level solutions, small to medium scale business solutions and enterprise accounting software. Entry-level solutions are suitable for small-scale business, they are capable of delivering some of basic financial functionalities, and some of the software includes Freshbooks, Xero and Quickbooks. Software employed by small to medium scale of business are able to provide functionalities more than above listed software. Associated database provided by such software will be robust and they are highly scalable. Some of the example of such software are CYMA, SAP, 100 MRP and SAGE. Enterprise accounting software includes Oracle, SAP and SAGE ERP and they offer and provides users with extended functionalities. Selection of software by small-scale business is a challenging task and accounting software packages are offered by such software. Selection of appropriate software by such organization sometimes becomes confusing task and they need to conduct proper benefit and cost analysis prior to the implementation of such software. Some of accounting software that accounting software are well equipped with involves planning budget, charts, monitoring of spreadsheet, planning of cost spreadsheets, automatic updating and rapid file categorization (Friedl and Pedell, 2017). The business process of organization forms the basis of adoption of accounting software system. In this regard, B Bakery should adopt following accounting software that are listed below: MYOB SAP Xero B bakery can employ the software depending upon the suitability and compatibility with business. Accounting Software (Medium End) Basic requirement of finance and accounts department of organization is easily met by the implementation of medium end software. It leads to meeting of all the primary requirements of business. Small-scale business and profit making entities employs such software as it assist them in recording daily transactions and preparation of financial report. Medium end accounting software are implemented by organization that mainly follows double entry system of bookkeeping. There is integration of such software with the database, reporting tool and information system of management that helps organization in meeting the required accounting standard. It is recommended for organization experiencing growth to adopt such software. Accounting software (Low End) Small business operating on lower scale make use of low end accounting software for merging several accounts, generating invoices for customers and handling the pay roll of employees. Such software incorporates some features such as customer relationship management, payroll, e commerce and financial reporting and transactions. Low-end accounting software are employed by organization involved in complex business and lower accounting transactions. Professionals such as lawyers and doctors mostly use this type of accounting software. Such software are purchased on shelf software and from retailers. Such software uses a wide spectrum and it is not related to any vertical market. Some of the accounting transactions that take place in some functional areas of organization such as accounts payable, payroll, trail balance and account receivable are recorded by such software and also deals with basic accounting functions (Correia and Nayak 2016). High-end accounting software are required to be implemented by organization that deals with recording of complex transactions. This is so because it considers different process of accounting. Multinational and organization that operates on large scale make use of such software as they incorporates advance technology in their process. Outcomes generated by such software is considered as crucial for the organization and implementation of such software requires organization to incur huge amount of costs. They requires additional human resource and higher cost and leads to expensive business applications. Compared to low and medium end software, such software required high implementation suite (Tazik and Mohamed 2014). Moreover, according to needs of organization such software can be easily customized. Single version software are comparatively less costly to multiple version software. Business process and structure of organization forms the basis of implementing the software for running the operations of business. Payment structure of employees: Employee payment structure forms the differentiating factors between the implementation of different software discussed above. When organization intends to reconcile the bank statement, it is considered essential to adopt Xero software. For managing the salaries of employees and status of tax payment, it is considered essential to adopt MYOB software (King 2015). All the software make the difference in recoding of taxes payment and crediting employees salaries. Sustainability and risk factors Implementation of software are regarded as free from errors and sustainable depending upon the users capability. Management of B Bakery is required to handle the implementation of software by dealing with specialization. Complexities and schedule timing Various softwares involves some degree of complexities in performance and they differ in their timing while maintaining performance. When looking at the administration of MYOB, it is considered simple as compared to other softwares and employees having basic accounting knowledge and knowledge of bookkeeping are able to make recording of the daily transaction of organization. Flexibility The implementation of software by small business provides with free training. Operations of software such as Xero is flexible and they are advanced on payroll of third party. MYOB software are regarded as enormously flexible as they have the capability of producing ample report at a time. DacEasy software is considered as inflexible when it comes to adjust with recording of operation of business. Preparation of accounting reports helps accountants in tracking of data that deals with customers, suppliers, transactions relating to third parties. Sundry creditors and debtors MYOB software helps in billing of suppliers and creditors along with recording of e receipt and e payments. Purchase order of organization and claims regarding expense can be arranged by the application of Xero. Accountants in management of organization are assisted in cheque printing and calculation of purchase orders with the help of implementation of DacEasy software (Worrell et al. 2014). Most appropriate vendor for B bakery: A suitable accounting packages needs to be selected by the management of B bakery. B Bakery is an organization that is runned by family and they are not capable of incurring higher costs that puts into them practice of accounting package. Accounting package that is elected by organization should not be complicated as it helps in successful implementation of the software. It is observed from the above analysis and evaluation of various accounting software that implementation of Xero and MYOB would be considered suitable for dealing with operations of business of B bakery. Business function of organization is suited by credit function of business as they are engaged in supplying and distribution of the products. Conclusion: Organizations intending to take their business to another level requires of implement appropriate accounting information software that would helps in sustaining and continuing as going concern. Information security of organization and customer would be assisted by generating relevant invoices by such software implementation. The development and growth of organization are assisted by the implementation of accounting software. Installation of accounting software by B Bakery such as MYOB that helps in reducing the human errors in calculation. Payroll of accounting departments of organization and overall administration cost is also reduced by the implementation of MYOB software. Therefore, it can be concluded that implementation of this particular software is compatible with the business needs and structure of organization. References: Adenike, A.T. and Michael, A.A., 2016. Effect of Accounting Information System Adoption on Accounting Activities in Manufacturing Industries in Nigeria. Barkhi, R. and Kozlowski, S., 2017. ERP in the Classroom: Three SAP Exercises Focused on Internal Controls. Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting, 14(1), pp.77-83. Bhimani, A. and Willcocks, L., 2014. Digitisation,Big Dataand the transformation of accounting information. Accounting and Business Research, 44(4), pp.469-490. Bodnar, G.H. and Hopwood, W.S., 2013. Accounting Information Systems: Pearson New International Edition. Pearson Higher Ed. Collier, P.M., 2015. Accounting for managers: Interpreting accounting information for decision making. John Wiley Sons. Correia, N. and Nayak, A., 2016. SAP Netweaver Gateway: Learn how to use SAP Netweaver Gateway for UI5 and ABAP projects. Diatmika, I.W.B., Irianto, G. and Baridwan, Z., 2016. Determinants of Behavior Intention Of Accounting Information Systems Based Information Technology Acceptance. Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, 2(8). Fitriati, A. and Mulyani, S., 2015. Factors that affect accounting information system success and its implication on accounting information quality. Asian Journal of Information Technology, 14(5), pp.154-161. Friedl, G. and Pedell, B., 2017. Integriertes Controlling mit SAP-Software. In Controlling mit SAP (pp. 185-210). Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. Fu, M., 2014. Design of Accounting Information System of Modern Enterprises under Informatization Environment. Hejazi, S.S., Halpin, A.L. and Biggs, W.D., 2014. Using SAP ERP technology to integrate the undergraduate business curriculum. Developments in Business Simulation and Experiential Learning, 30. Ibrahim, A., 2013. Impact of Accounting Information System onthe Quality of Financial Information-An Applied Studyofthe Ministry of Finance and National Economy (Doctoral dissertation, Sudan University of Science and Technology). Iskandar, D., 2015. Analysis of factors affecting the success of the application of accounting information system. International Journal of scientific Technology research, 4(2). Kato, K., Inohara, S., NARiTA, A.T.S.U.N.O.B.U., Chiba, S. and Masuda, T., 2014. Design of the XERO open distributed operating system. Journal of Information Processing, 14(4), pp.384-397. Khalil, M.A. and Zainuddin, Y., 2015. Intrinsic Motivation as a Mediator on Accounting Information System Adoption. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences Humanities, 23 King, A., 2015. Xero soothes auditors on automation. Lipi, I., Rama, R. and Agaraj, X., 2015. Implications of Accounting Information System Implementation in SMEs: A Study on Retail Business in Vlore Region. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(3), p.553. Liu, X., Xia, X. and Zhou, L., 2017. OPM3-based internal control of an accounting information system in cloud computing. AGRO FOOD INDUSTRY HI-TECH, 28(1), pp.2052-2056. Markandeya, S. and Roy, K., 2014. ERP and SAP Overview. In SAP ABAP (pp. 1-20). Apress. Nowak, D. and Kurbel, K., 2016, November. Understanding the Flexibility of Cloud ERP Software. In International Conference on Enterprise Resource Planning Systems (pp. 135-146). Springer, Cham. Patel, S., 2015. Effects of accounting information system on Organizational Profitability. International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews, 2(1), pp.72-76. Powell, R., 2015. Xero founder warns of public growing pains Prasad, A. and Green, P., 2015. Organizational competencies and dynamic accounting information system capability: impact on AIS processes and firm performance. Journal of Information Systems, 29(3), pp.123-149. Seyal, A.H. and Rahman, N.A., 2015. A Preliminary Investigation of Measuring Users Satisfaction Success on Financial Accounting Information System: Bruneian Perspective. International Journal of Business and Management Review, 3(2), pp.1-22. Simkin, M.G., Norman, C.S. and Rose, J.M., 2014. Core concepts of accounting information systems. John Wiley Sons. Suryadi, K., Deviarti, H. and Mariani, V., 2014. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR SMALL MEDIUM ENTERPRISE CASE STUDY FROM INDONESIA. Journal of Theoretical Applied Information Technology, 61(1). Tazik, H. and Mohamed, Z.M., 2014, February. Accounting information system effectiveness, foreign ownership and timeliness of corporate financial report. In 5th Asia-Pacific Business Research Conference (pp. 17-18). Worrell, J.L., Di Gangi, P.M. and Bush, A.A., 2013. Exploring the use of the Delphi method in accounting information systems research. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 14(3), pp.193-208.

The Great Depression in Latin America

In order to maintain a stable economy, it is critical for governments to adopt relevant policies that cushion crucial sectors from economic shocks. The failure in this regard is likely to result in a vulnerable economy that cannot guarantee the survival of vital industries in the aftermath of a global phenomenon such as the Great Depression.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Depression in Latin America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although some economic policies may vary from one region to another, others play a crucial role in the transition of any developing country into industrialization. The political environment in a region is essential concerning the adoption and proper implementation of various economic policies. Policymakers play a central role in reforms and thus possess significant effects on a country’s economic transformation. The Great Depression mostly marked the onset of changes in the economic policies adopted by Latin-American countries. This period adversely affected a significant portion of the Latin America, which largely depended on the role of supplying raw materials to different parts of the world as a means of generating income. Because of the weakening of the global economy, industries in the affect countries minimized the importation of raw materials. This severed the chief source of foreign currency for various Latin-American countries and led to a rising trend of poverty and social chaos. Thus, there was the need for collaborative efforts by various stakeholders within Latin America to draft economic policies that would safeguard different aspects of the Latin-American economy. Leaders in Latin America acknowledged the need to change economic policies and promoted the discarding of the free-market model in favor of import substitution (CaÃŒ rdenas et al., 2000). The applicability of this model remained satisfactory for various Latin-American c ountries until the 1980s. The import-substitution model focused on the reduction of the dependence of the economy of a nation on foreign parties. To achieve this objective, countries in Latin America embarked on various aspects of local production. The policies on import substitution ensured the state’s participation in aspects such as nationalization and subsidization of industrial and agricultural raw materials. Other measures included increased tax rates and the imposition of protectionist trade policies. The adoption of these measures focused on the protection of local industries and stabilization of economies in various Latin-American countries.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The import-substitution model attracted support among Latin-American countries due to the consideration that most of the industrialized countries employed various aspects of import substitution to atta in states that are more self-sufficient. Another factor that led to the adoption of import substitution in Latin America was the need to address the rising trend of unemployment and poverty, primarily attributed to the global economic crisis at the time. The Great Depression caused significant economic shocks throughout the world and declining domestic employment in Latin America. However, from around the 1980s, import substitution policies began to lose favor among developing countries, including those in Latin America. Policies relating to import-substituting industrialization (ISI) led to losses and debts within Latin America due to the introduction of various programs by the World Bank and other bodies that brought about market liberalization. Following the 1980s’ debts that caused crises in various Latin-American countries, concerned parties identified the need to privatize the management of previously nationalized entities and thus began adopting market-oriented economi c policies (Solimano Soto, 2005). In the 1990s, Latin America witnesses a significant change in the manner of management of capital-intensive sectors such as telecommunication. Financial shortages and the lack of adequate investment in various aspects of technology are some of the crucial factors that instigated the shift towards privatization. The previous model of import substitution forced most Latin-American countries to participate in various aspects of importation. This promoted the adoption and integration of concepts relating to a market-oriented economy. The effects of the debt crisis of the 1980s created numerous barriers that introduced challenges concerning access to financial markets. This resulted in a trend of declining availability of capital in most of the Latin-American countries. Market-oriented policies provided a framework upon which the government could attract sources of capital. These policies facilitated the privatization of electricity and telecommunicatio n sectors, which were mostly capital intensive. The importance attached to these sectors resulted from the realization of their prospects for expansion due to high demand. Thus, they provided a platform through which the government could achieve its various objectives.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Depression in Latin America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Political reforms in Latin America also influenced the adoption of market-oriented policies. This resulted due to influence by policymakers who promoted new democracies. By the end of the 20th century, most of the countries in Latin America had adopted a framework based on the three principal concepts used to attract private capital (Bethell, 2008). The first approach was the privatization of key sectors through the public sale of shares or concession contracts that transferred the ownership and administration of various capital-intensive entitie s. The other method was the elimination of restrictions that hindered the influence of private capital on public monopolies. This strategy facilitated the generation of investments that availed capital and promoted the operation of various sectors. The third approach was the drafting of regulations, and the establishment of bodies to ensure that private investors adhere to the set standards and rules. Another factor that led to the adoption of market-oriented reforms in Latin America was the influence of international financial institutions. These institutions gained significant control in the region due to their role as the primary source of credit for the capital-deficient Latin America. The lack of funds for various government projects presented an opportunity for the involvement of financial institutions in technological modernization as an aspect for generating fiscal assets. However, the adoption of market-oriented policies varied among different countries in Latin America. Fo r example, while Chile adopted the reforms on electricity at around 1982, Mexico adopted such reforms in 1999 (Frieden et al., 2000). In addition, although Costa Rica was successful in its attempts to privatize telecommunication, Argentina failed to achieve similar goals that year. These discrepancies also arose concerning the outcomes of market control. Some countries adopted the monopolistic aspect of market regulation. However, countries such as Mexico adopted the fixed-term monopoly concepts and other aspects that promoted market-controlling reforms. Although the adoption of various economic reforms in Latin America face challenges, the outcome of the implementation of those reforms positively transformed the region and introduced significant levels of self-sufficiency. While the economic recession-induced the onset of the industrial imposition, adverse effects associated with import-substituting industrialization promoted the need for other economic reforms that would guarantee the survival of Latin-American countries in both the local and global economies. Although economic reforms were crucial in Latin America, a narrow scope that focused mainly on the local economy introduced hindrances that necessitated the re-evaluation of Latin America’s economic policies in the global perspective.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References Bethell, L. (2008). The Cambridge history of Latin America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CaÃŒ rdenas, E., Ocampo, J. A., Thorp, R. (2000). An economic history of twentieth-century Latin America. Houdsmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave ;. Frieden, J. A., Pastor, M., Tomz, M. (2000). Modern political economy and Latin America: theory and policy. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press. Solimano, A., Soto, R. (2005). Economic growth in Latin America in the late 20th century: evidence and interpretation. Santiago, Chile: CEPAL, Economic Development Division. This essay on The Great Depression in Latin America was written and submitted by user Ex1les to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Cubism1 essays

Cubism1 essays Cubism is one of the first forms of abstract art. "Cubism was a movement in painting that sought to break down objects into basic shapes of cubes, spheres, cylinders, and cones." Cubism originated in France and was influenced by African sculptures and by Paul Cezanne. The first cubist works were those in which objects, landscapes, and people are represented as many-sided solids. This enables you to see various views of the object at the same time. Later, cubism changed using a flatter type of abstraction, in which the complete pattern, becomes more important, and the objects represented are largely indecipherable. At first, most artists painted with little color. "Most paintings were either monochromatic or gray, blue, brown, and white. The final phase of cubism is called synthetic. In this phase color reappears as a primary element in the artwork. Cezanne was an artist who led the way to cubism or abstract art. Before Cezanne, artists would portray the world realistically. "It is above all Czannes obsession with formal elements of composition and his use of color as tone rather than the Impressionist pursuit of light on surface that makes his art so important to those who followed. Czannes works made it possible for artists to start to question what they saw, the way in which they saw it, and how they interpreted and represented what was in front of them". Cezanne felt that paintings should reflect artists sensations made into a pictorial form by brush strokes, color, and lines. He was known to work slowly and use colors to build shapes. In the still-life pictures that he made of fruits and bowls one can tell that he worked slowly as there are different and contradicting shadows in his pictures. Early in his career Cezanne loved to paint Sainte-Victoire (landscapes). Later he painted portraits such as "Woman with a Coffee Pot " and "The Card Players". When he began to paint landscape again h...

Accounting in Russia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Accounting in Russia - Essay Example sitated a movement away from the earlier era of accounting standards that were in tune with the centrally planned economy of the USSR but were outdated with the introduction of capitalism. This paper discusses the history of accounting in Russia and the recent developments in formulating accounting standards and governance. Due to the large number of corporate scandals that rocked Russia in the first few years of the 21st century, the Russian government has hastened the move to accounting regulation and corporate governance. Russia matters to the global economy. As a country with significant proven and unproven natural resources, mainly oil among them, it is one of the world’s leading suppliers of oil and commodities. With the spike in Oil prices in the latter parts of 2007 and continuing into 2008, the geo-strategic importance of Russia increased dramatically with the result that the world was dependant on the supply of Russian oil and gas. With regards to the supply of gas to Western Europe, Russia flexed its muscles and ensured that the terms set by it were followed at all times. In some instances, it even threatened to cut off the supply of gas to Europe as a retaliatory measure. Thus, Russia is in a position to dictate terms to the West. It has to be qualified that this is a recent development given the state of affairs in the 1990’s and the first few years of this decade as the West had the upper hand in its dealings with Russia. Further, Russia is an attractive destination for foreign capital and as a captive market among the emerging economies that go by the acronym BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China). It is in the interest of the western multinational corporations to have Russia adopt an integrated accounting system in line with their expectations. And the sense of nationalism that characterizes the Russian attitude towards the west has resulted in its own set of priorities for both sides. It is in this context that the move towards

Health Administarion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Health Administarion - Essay Example les should be standardized and its performance management should have consistency in applying point values as a health institution (Council of Union Europeenne des Medecins Specialistes, 1996). Regular monitoring, appraisal and feed-back mechanism should be observed by the organization to ascertain that operations, policies and organizational values are applied consistently and without compromise. Error definitions should be define and must allow only the production of quality medical records based on standards. Healthcare facilities must have a quality and transformational system by measuring responsibilities of staff with verifiable factors and standards for quality rating (Council of UEMS, 1996). With proper performance management, the health facility will be able to maintain better customer care service too (Council of UEMS, 1996). Considering all these, the health facility must have effective health program to respond to issues pertaining to leading caused of mortality and morbidity. These leading issues must be addressed with effectiveness and proficiency on patient care. The organization must encourage adopting the culture of education and positive information discourse. Why? This is because it’s the paramount concern of any service institution to plan, actuate, check or appraise and act to review, revise, communicate and monitor. Plans of the institution should be those that can be easily attained and those that can be financially accorded. Such plans must also be consistent to policies and procedures. The same should be contextualized on problems, challenges, politics, social phenomena, and of market situation that has strong influence on healthcare management (Brunello, Fort, Schneeweis, & Winter-Ebmer, 2011). Internal and external feedback mechanism should be inclusive and consistent to documenta tion process, guidelines and error categories. It must involve reviews, communication of its successes and monitoring. This intricate process are undertaken

Biology - Down's Syndrome Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Biology - Down's Syndrome - Term Paper Example Despite the alleged incurable nature of Down’s syndrome, it is possible that the fields of pharmacology and medicine have surely come up with ways to alleviate its symptoms as well as to be able to learn further about the disease. In fact, research through the medical and scientific databases on the latest scientific breakthroughs concerning Down’s syndrome resulted in the discovery of five journal articles relating the most recent breakthroughs on the disease. Review of Literature The study of Bradeau et al. conducted in Paris, France in 2011 is entitled â€Å"Specific targeting of the GABA-A receptor ÃŽ ±5 subtype by a selective inverse agonist restores cognitive deficits in Down syndrome mice.† Based on the results of this study, one reason why there is an altered brain function among individuals with Down’s syndrome is that there is a chemical imbalance between inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters. One inhibitory transmitter, GABA or gamma-aminobutyric acid seems to occur in large amounts in the nervous system of Down’s syndrome patients and thus causes a relatively great amount of inhibition of certain cognitive functions among them. The study then utilized GABA-A antagonists in order to treat such chemical imbalance and the result was positive. As a result, the subjects of the experiment, Ts65Dn mice, or mice with Down’s syndrome, demonstrated restored cognitive functions. The specific chemical GABA-A antagonist, which is a ?5-subtype or ?5IA, was used to restore memory and learning functions n rats. The ?5IA subtype of GABA-A antagonist is different from its other subtypes because it is non-convulsant, which means to say that the other subtypes may cause convulsions if tested on humans. Other subtypes also caused certain changes in the tissues of the brain, liver and kidney of the experimental mice, but ?5IA did not. The study of Braudeau et al. was particularly important to the medical community as well as to families of Down’s syndrome patients because this new particular chemical or drug – GABA-A antagonist ?5IA subtype – may actually improve learning and memory problems among patients suffering from Down’s syndrome. Nonetheless, the drug has not yet been tested in humans for fear that although it may not cause convulsions in rats, it may still do so in humans. Moreover, the study was unique in itself because although it has been known that Down’s syndrome pa tients suffer from imbalanced inhibition and excitation at the cellular level, there had been no non-convulsant drug that promised any good cure until now. Another study, the one conducted by Perluigi and Butterfield in Kentucky, USA in 2011 is entitled â€Å"Oxidative Stress and Down Syndrome: A Route toward Alzheimer-Like Dementia.† This study involved the discovery of the physiological causes of the almost natural development of Alzheimer’s Disease among Down’s syndrome patients as early as their middle age. Although there are already genetic physical and mental abnormalities in a newborn child with Down’s syndrome, these pathological problems get worse as the patient gets older and thus may have a great chance of developing into Alzheimer’s Disease later on in life. The study found out that the causes of such development were â€Å"altered free radical metabolism† and â€Å"impaired mitochondrial function† (Perluigi & Butterfield, 2012). These two cellular processes,

Theories of Genes and Cancer

Theories of Genes and Cancer The Wind in the Trees In the late 1950s, Peter Nowell and David Hungerford, two pathologists from Philadelphia had found an unusual chromosomal pattern in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells. In CML cells, Novell found that one copy of chromosome 22 had its head lopped off. Novell called this abnormality the Philadelphia chromosome after the place of discovery. In 1973, a hematologist in Chicago named Janet Bowley followed this study, looking for the missing pieces of the Philadelphia chromosome. She found a pattern. The missing head of chromosome 22 had attached itself to the tip of chromosome 9. And a piece of chromosome 9 had attached itself to chromosome 22. This genetic event was called a translocation the transposition of two pieces of chromosomes. Bowley found this same translocation in the cells of every CML patient. Cancer was not disorganized chaos, but an organized chromosomal chaos resulting from specific, identical mutations. Chromosome translocation can create new genes called chimeras by fusing two genes formerly located on two different chromosomes. The CML translocation, Rowley postulated, had created such a chimera. *** In 1969, Alfred Knudson, a geneticist at MD Anderson Cancer Center in Texas, wanted to capture a pattern of inheritance of cancer by studying retinoblastoma, an hereditary eye cancer. Retinoblstoma has two distinct variants, an inherited familial form and a sporadic form. Children who suffer from the familial form may have strong family histories of the disease, and they typically develop tumors in both eyes. Children with the sporadic form never have a history in the family and always have a tumor in only one eye. By studying cohorts of children with the two types of cancers, Knudson discovered the cohorts developed cancers at different speeds. Inherited retinoblastoma cancer develops at early ages, typically between 2 to 6 months old. Sporadic retinoblastoma cancer develops at older ages, typically between ages 2 to 4 years old. Humans inherit two copies of every gene, one from each parent. Knudson postulated that both copies of the Retinoblastoma (Rb) gene needed to be inactivated through mutation to develop retinoblastoma. Some children inherit one mutated version and one normal version of the Rb gene. The inherited mutation is the first hit. These children are thus predisposed to the cancer, and only a single additional genetic mutation is needed for them to develop the cancer. So they develop cancer at earlier ages. Sporadic retinoblastoma develops at later ages because two independent mutations have to accumulate in the cell. Knudson called this the two-hit hypothesis of cancer. For certain cancer-causing genes, two mutational hits are needed to produce cancer. At first glance, Knudsons two-hit theory seemed at odds with the src gene, which only required one activated copy to cause cancer. The answer is because the two genes perform two different functions. The src gene creates a hyperactive kinase that provokes perpetual cell division to cause cancer, while the Rb gene performs the opposite function. It is a cancer suppressor gene, or an anti-oncogene. It requires two mutation hits to inactivate such a gene. A Risky Prediction Risky prediction is a process scientists used to validate untested theories. For instance, the return of Halleys comet in 1758 validated Newtons law of gravity. The first risky prediction involved Varmus and Bishops hypothesis on oncogenes. In the late 1970s, Varmus and Bishop had shown that the precursors of oncogenes, also called proto-oncogenes, already existed in all normal cells. They hypothesized that mutations in such proto-oncogenes caused cancer. To prove that they were right, we needed to the mutated versions of such proto-oncogenes inside the cancer cells. How does one find such a gene? The MIT cancer biologist Robert Weinberg had an idea. If he transfers a fragment of the DNA containing the activated oncogene from the cancer cell into normal cells, then the activated oncogene should induce the normal cells to divide and proliferate, producing a foci out of the normal cells in the petri dish. By repeating this process and dividing the DNA fragments into smaller and smaller fragments, he should be able to isolate the culprit. In the summer of 1979, a graduate student in Weinbergs lab named Chiaho Shih went through the experiment using mouse cancer cells. He verified that the method worked for mouse cancer cells. They then moved on to human cancer cells. Three years later in 1982, Weinberg isolated a gene called ras from human cancer cells. The mutated ras gene encoded a hyperactive protein permanently locked on. It was the long-sought native human oncogene, captured out of a cancer cell. Meanwhile, two other scientists, Mariano Barbacid, and Michael Wigler had also independently discovered the ras gene in 1982. The second risky prediction the hypothesis that retinoblastoma was caused by the mutation of two copies of Rb genes. Thad Dryja, an ophthalmologist and geneticist, suspected that the mutation responsible was likely a deletion of the gene. To prove the hypothesis, Dryja wanted to prove that the two copies of the Rb gene were deleted from the cancer cells. Week after week, Dryja extracted the chromosomes from his big collections of tumors and ran his probe set against the chromosomes. Eventually, he saw a blank space in his probes. A piece of DNA was missing in probe H3-8 of the tumor cells. Dryja took his probe to Steve Friend who had a collection of normal cells in Weinbergs lab. Friend applied the H3-8 probe to normal cells and isolated the gene on that location. Both copies of the Rb genes were indeed deleted from the cancer cells. The third risky prediction involved the hypothesis that activated oncogenes cause cancer. We already knew that (1) activated oncogenes were present in cancer cells, and (2) they could be isolated from the cancer cells. To prove causation, we have to prove that activated oncogenes can create cancer in an animal. In 1984, using transgenic mouse technology, Philip Leders team at Harvard created transgenic mice with an activated c-myc gene expressed in the breast cells. The mice developed small tumors in their breast late in life after pregnancy. To test the roles of environmental stimuli and other oncogenes, Leder created a second OncoMouse with ras and myc expressed in breast cells. The mice developed tiny distinct tumors in their breasts in months, pregnancy not required. Scientists had created real, living tumors in an animal. The Hallmarks of Cancer Philip Leders experiment showed that scientists had created real tumors by manipulating two genes, ras and myc, in an animal. But activating two potent proto-oncogenes did not create the full syndrome of cancer in every cell of the mouse. It raised further questions about the genesis of cancer. In 1988, using human specimens, a physician named Bert Vogelstein set out to describe the number of genetic changes required to start cancer. Vogelstein studied how normal cells progress to cancer cells in colon cancer. He found a consistent pattern in his colon cancer samples. The genetic progression of cancer was a multi-step process. The transitions in the stages of cancer mirrored the transitions in genetic changes. Cancer cells did not activate or inactivate at random. Instead, the shift from a pre-malignant state to an invasive cancer correlated with the activation and inactivation of genes in a strict and stereotypical sequence. Cancer cells are caused by mutations of genes in their DNA. Besides uncontrolled growth, cancer cells also can resist death signals, grow their own blood vessels, and metastasize throughout the body. In January 2000, Robert Weinberg and Douglas Hanahan wrote the seminal paper, The Hallmarks of Cancer that gave the six essential changes in cell physiology that collectively cause cancer: Self-sufficiency in growth signals gas pedal stuck on Insensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals- brakes dont work Evading of programmed cell death (apoptosis) wont die Limitless replicative potential uncontrolled growth Sustained angiogenesis having its own blood supply Tissue invasion and metastasis

The Color Purple :: essays research papers

In the book The Color Purple, by Alice Walker, Tashi is convinced that she doesn't want to go to America because no one will like her. Tashi has her doubts but Adam convinces her to come. I am not here to analyze the motives of the character's decision to go/not go to America, rather I will evaluate the historical factuality of her fears of going to the US Her fears are very realistic for any African woman coming to the states. She would have the same experience looking at modern magazines knowing how the public portrayal of woman is.In the 1930's most white people were very racist against Black people. People feared those that were different. They feared the tribal customs of Africans such as scarification marks, and saw them as savages. Tashi's fear is that "...because of the scarification marks on her cheeks Americans would look down on her as a savage and shun her." Tashi's fear is perfectly valid for any African coming to America in the 1930's because some people woul d shun her. In the '30's Black women made themselves look whiter because black skinned black people were not popular. Dark people tried to look naked, therefore Tashi feared that "Adam will be distracted by one of these naked looking women and desert [her]." With a bunch of naked women running around, any man would be distracted. She fears that he will leave her for a "more attractive" woman, but that is dependent on whether Adam really loves her. Any woman would have fears like that before marriage.Because of the Glitzy Glamour in today's magazines that solicit anorexic, pale women, she would have the same doubts and fears about coming the US. Her fears would be even more enhanced because most women in the '30's are unattractive compared to today's women. Modern magazines and old magazines are similar because both show women that are prettier that the standard women.